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Credit - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPZA3DDsibU&fbclid=IwAR1pDFZeRRsBXZVyoWfVxwjxGCyMYHoj5AkOQpVTa2IiydtadsCfCEfzrug
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credit- www.landofjade.com
The nine gems are ruby. pearl. coral. sapphire. diamond. cat's eye. emerald. topaz and zircon. The Nawarat Ringnawarat. a ring usually of gold with a ruby at its center and around it clock-wise from the twelve o'clock position. diamond. pearl. cat's eye. zircon or pyrope . emerald . topaz . sapphire. and coral.
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Turnery
A turnery workshop does not need to be a big one. It is more like a family business in Bago. The minimum work force is about ten workers-five turners and five who do finishing work. Although woodcarving is a more popular handicraft than turnery, it is the latter craft from which many small Myanmar souvenirs are made.
Turnery is the process of making spindles, legs for furniture and other small items on a lathe, which is a machine on which a piece of wood, metal or another material is rapidly spun and shaped using a cutting tool.
Many turnery souvenirs are items suited to practical applications, such as vases, kitchen utensils and containers, but the beauty with which they are made also suggests decorative uses.
While the lathe plays a key role in making turnery products, like all handicrafts, human skill is also important. In fact, turnery can be seen as collaboration between a simple machine and a skilled artisan. Skilled turners are defined by precision, patience and experience. With the help of the lathe, they are able work quickly and create large quantities of products in a short time.
Bago, located 80 kilometres north of Yangon, is the main source of turnery products in Myanmar. Many turnery workshops are located throughout the town, at which a wide variety of souvenirs are made for both domestic and export markets. The roofed passageways leading up to Bago’s many historic pagodas are lined with handicraft shops selling wooden toys, flower vases, boxes and bowls of different shapes and sizes, pens and many other items made at these turneries.
Turnery workshops do not need to be big to be productive. Most of them are run like family businesses with a minimum staff of about 10
workers: five turners and five who do the finishing work.
Many different kinds of wood are used to make turnery products, although unlike other handicrafts in Myanmar, teak is rarely used. Turners prefer wood with more attractive, eye-catching colours. Favourites include pale yamanee wood, which is similar to oak, and
dark brown thinwin wood.
Even more desirable is wood from padauk trees, with its reddish colour, straight grain and even texture. Burl wood from these trees, which
is hard to find and therefore very expensive, is considered especially striking, with its nice pattern and beautiful colour combinations.
Making a turnery product requires several steps. First, the turner creates the basic shape from raw wood using the lathe. Rough edges are removed before turning is complete. The piece is then taken off the machine and handed over to a finisher, who uses sandpaper to complete the smoothing process. Something like a cheroot holder requires plenty of skill and patience due to its difficult shape. The long, narrow container needs to be smooth inside and outside.
After that, the piece is nearly done, requiring only a few finishing touches. When the desired shape is achieved, the piece is covered with a base primer. Then a polisher covers it with two coats of lacquer to create a beautiful souvenir from Myanmar.
Author by Myat Noe (SweSone Yangon Inflight Magazine)
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Photo Credit - www.lonchaney.org
Hollywood-class movies related to Myanmar (1890-2000)
1926: The Road to Mandalay (no sound)
USA 1926 Black and White
Produced by: MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) [aka MGM-UA] [us]
Genre/keyword: Drama / singapore
Sound Mix: Silent
Distributed by: MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) (aka MGM-UA) [us]
Directed by: Tod Browning
Cast: Lon Chaney, Lois Moran, Owen Moore, Henry B. Walthall, Sojin, Rose Langdon, John George, Willie Fung, Eddie Sturgis
Written by: Tod Browning (story), Elliott J. Clawson, Joseph Farnham (titles), Herman J. Mankiewicz (story)
Cinematography by: Merritt B. Gerstad
Film Editing by: Errol Taggart
Produced by: Irving Thalberg
Other crew: Cedric Gibbons, A. Arnold Gillespie
1934: Mandalay
USA 1934 Black and White
Produced by: Warner Bros. [us]
Language: English
Genre/keyword: Drama
Runtime: USA:65
Sound Mix: Mono
Directed by: Michael Curtiz
Cast: Herman Bing, Harry Bradley, Hobart Cavanaugh, Ricardo Cortez, Ruth Donnelly, Kay Francis, Etienne Girardot, Lillian Harmer, Halliwell Hobbes, James B. Leong, Lucien Littlefield,
Torben Meyer, Warner Oland, Rafaela Ottiano, Reginald Owen, Bodil Rosing, Lyle Talbot,
Shirley Temple, David Torrence
Written by: Paul Hervey Fox (story), Charles Kenyon, Austin Parker
Cinematography by: Tony Gaudio (I)
Costume Design by: Orry-Kelly
Film Editing by: Thomas Pratt (I)
Produced by: Robert Presnell Sr. (associate)
Other crew: Anton Grot
1936: The Girl from Mandalay
USA 1936 Black and White
Produced by: Republic Pictures Corporation [us]
Language: English
Genre/keyword: _drama_ / nightclub / tigers
Sound Mix: Mono
Directed by: Howard Bretherton
Cast: Donald Cook, Harry Allen, Reginald Barlow, Joe Bautista, Daisy Belmore, David Clyde, Kay Linaker, Conrad Nagel, Esther Ralston, George Regas, Harry Stubbs
Written by: Endre Bohem, Reginald Campbell (novel Tiger Valley), Wellyn Totman
Cinematography by: Jack A. Marta, Ernest Miller (I)
Produced by: Nat Levine, Victor Zobel
1940: Moon Over Burma
USA 1940 Black and White
Produced by: Paramount Pictures [us]
Language: English
Genre/keyword: Adventure
Runtime: USA:76
Directed by: Louis King
Cast: Harry Allen, Albert Bassermann, Maro Cortez, Preston Foster (I), Frank Lackteen, Dorothy Lamour, Ella Neal, Doris Nolan, Paul Porcasi, Robert Preston, Stanley Price, Addison Richards,
Henry Roquemore, Hans Schumm, Ralph Sencuya, Nick Shaid, Ram Singh, Catherine Wallace (I), Frederick Worlock
Written by: Harry Clark (III), Wilson Collison (story), W.P. Lipscomb, Frank Wead
Cinematography by: William C. Mellor
Original music by: Victor Young (I)
Film Editing by: Stuart Gilmore
1941: Burma Convoy
USA 1941 Black and White
Produced by: Universal Pictures [aka MCA/Universal Pictures] [us]
Language: English
Genre/keyword: Mystery
Directed by: Noel M. Smith
Cast: Frank Albertson (I), Evelyn Ankers, Turhan Bey, Charles Bickford, Truman Bradley,
Ken Christy, Willie Fung, Chester Gan, Cecil Kellaway, Keye Luke, C. Montague Shaw, Harry Stubbs
Written by: Roy Chanslor, Stanley Rubin
Cinematography by: John W. Boyle
Original music by: Hans J. Salter
Film Editing by: Ted J. Kent
1942: Bombs Over Burma
USA 1940 Black and White
Produced by: Paramount Pictures [us]
Language: English
Genre/keyword: Adventure
Runtime: USA:76
Directed by: Louis King
Cast: Harry Allen, Albert Bassermann, Maro Cortez, Preston Foster (I), Frank Lackteen, Dorothy Lamour, Ella Neal, Doris Nolan, Paul Porcasi, Robert Preston, Stanley Price, Addison Richards,
Henry Roquemore, Hans Schumm, Ralph Sencuya, Nick Shaid, Ram Singh, Catherine Wallace(I), Frederick Worlock,
Written by: Harry Clark (III), Wilson Collison (story), W.P. Lipscomb, Frank Wead
Cinematography by: William C. Mellor
Original music by: Victor Young (I)
Film Editing by: Stuart Gilmore
1942: Yank on the Burma Road (aka) China Caravan
USA 1942 Black and White
Produced by: MGM (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer) [aka MGM-UA] [us]
Language English
Genre/keyword War / _drama_
Runtime USA:66
Also Known As China Caravan (1942)
Directed George B. Seitz
Cast: Philip Ahn, Turhan Bey, Matthew Boulton, Stuart Crawford, Laraine Day, Keye Luke, Kim How, Knox Manning, Barry Nelson, Victor Sen Yung
Written Hugo Butler, Gordon Kahn, David Lang (I)
Cinematography Lester White
Film Editing Gene Ruggiero
Produced Samuel Marx
1943: Rookies in Burma
USA 1943 Black and White
Produced by: RKO Radio Pictures
Language: English
Genre/keyword: War / _comedy_
Directed by: Leslie Goodwins
Cast: Joan Barclay, Wally Brown, Claire Carleton, Alan Carney, Erford Gage, Ted Hecht
Written by: Edward James (I)
Cinematography by: Harry J. Wild
Film Editing by: Harry Marker
Produced by: Bert Gilroy
Other crew: Robert Aldrich
1945: Objective, Burma!
USA 1945 Black and White
Produced by: Warner Bros. [us]
Language English
Genre/keyword War
Runtime USA:142
Directed by: Raoul Walsh
Cast: Errol Flynn, James Brown (II), William Prince, George Tobias, Henry Hull, Warner Anderson, John Alvin, Mark Stevens (I), Richard Erdman, Erdman), Erville Alderson, Joel Allen, Hugh Beaumont (I), Carlyle Blackwell, Kit Carson (I), Neil Carter, Anthony Caruso, Elmer Ellingwood, Shep Houghton, William Hudson, Asit Koomar, Pete Kooy, Lester Matthews, Harlan Miller, Rodd Redwing, Chattu, John Sheridan, George Tyne, John Whitney
Written by Alvah Bessie, Ranald MacDougall & Lester Cole (I)
Cinematography by: James Wong Howe (I)
Original music by: Franz Waxman
Film Editing by: George Amy
Produced by: Jerry Wald (I), Jack L. Warner (executive)
Other crew: Edwin B. DuPar, Leo F. Forbstein, Charles S. Galbreath, John Maxwell (IV), Jack McConaghy, Leonid Raab, C.A. Riggs, Ted Smith, Perc Westmore, M.H. Whyte
Links with other titles
Remade as: Distant Drums (1951)
referenced in: Legacy of the Hollywood Blacklist (1987) (TV)
1955: Escape to Burma
USA 1955 Color (Technicolor)
Produced by: RKO Radio Pictures
Language English
Genre/keyword Adventure / jungle
Runtime USA:87
Directed by: Allan Dwan
Cast (in credits order) verified as complete
Barbara Stanwyck, Robert Ryan, David Farrar (I), Murvyn Vye, Lisa Montell, Robert Warwick (I), Reginald Denny, Robert Cabal, Peter Coe, Alex Montoya, Anthony Numkena, John Mansfield, Gavin Muir (I), Lal Chand Mehra
Written by: Hobart Donavan, Talbot Jennings, Kenneth Perkins (story)
Cinematography by: John Alton (I)
Original music by: Louis Forbes
Costume Design by: Gwen Wakeling
Film Editing by: James Leicester (I)
Carlos Lodato (as Carlo Lodato)
Produced by: Benedict Bogeaus
Other crew
Fay Babcock, Lew Borzage, Bartlett A. Carre, Stanford Houghton, Van Nest Polglase, Nate Watt
1956: The Burmese Harp [Biruma no tategoto]
Reel Snapshot: Japanese anti-war drama about army private who has religious awakening. Powerful drama a hit with critics. Will appeal to fans of slow-paced, intellectual cinema
who don't mind long running time.
Stars: Shoji Yasui, Rentaro Mikuni
Director: Kon Ichikawa
MPAA: NR
Genre: Drama , Foreign
Runtime: 115 minutes
1985: The Burmese Harp [Biruma no tategoto]
1995: Singapore Sling: Road to Mandalay
Australia 1995 Color
Produced by: Barron Films
Language English
Directed by: John Laing (II)
Cast: Simon Bossell, Josephine Byrnes, Linden Goh, John Howard (II), Michael Ironside, Pat Morita, Jemma Wilks
Written by: Keith Aberdein
Cinematography by: Louis Irving
Production Design by: Lawrence Eastwood
Costume Design by: Paula Ryan
Film Editing by: Marc Van Buuren
Produced by: Paul D. Barron, Julie Monton
Links with other titles: Singapore Sling (1993) (TV)
1995: Beyond Rangoon
USA 1995 Color (Technicolor)
Produced by: Castle Rock Entertainment / Columbia Pictures Corporation [us]
Certification USA:R / UK:12 / Germany:12 (w) / Portugal:M/12 / Sweden:15
Language English
Genre/keyword Drama / political-repression / tourists / travel / widow
Runtime USA:100 / Germany:97
Sound Mix Dolby Digital / SDDS
MPAA reasons Rated R for depiction of violent political oppression.
Directed by: John Boorman
Cas: Patricia Arquette, U Aung Ko, Frances McDormand, Spalding Gray, Tiara Jacquelina, Kuswadinath Bujang, Victor Slezak, Jit Murad, Ye Myint, Cho Cho Myint, Johnny Cheah, Haji Mohd Rajoli, Azmi Hassan, Ahmad Fithi, Adelle Lutz, Mohd Wan Nazri, Zaidi Omar, Roslee Mansor, Michael Pickells, Enzo Rossi, Rudzuan Hashim, Samko, Ramona Sánchez-Waggoner, Norlela Ismail, Nyak Osman, Yusof Abdul Hamid, Lutang Anyie, Ali Fiji, Dion Abu Bakar, Yeoh Keat Chye, Johari Ismail, Rashidi Mohd, William Saw, Anna Howard, Manisah Mandin, Charley Boorman, Hani Mohsin Hanafi, Ismail Din, Jamaludin Rejab, Aung, Peter Win, John Mindy, Dr. U Kyaw Win, Gael D'Oliviera, Pascale D'Oliviera, Gilles D'Oliviera, Asmi Wahab, Albert Thaw, Mansell Rivers-Bland, Siti Abdullah, Satish Chand Bhandari
Written by: Alex Lasker & Bill Rubenstein
Cinematography by: John Seale
Original music by: Hans Zimmer
Production Design by: Anthony Pratt
Costume Design by: Deborah Kramer
Film Editing by: Ron Davis
Produced by: John Boorman, Walter Donohue (associate), Mark Egerton (associate), Alex Lasker (co-producer), Eric Pleskow, Bill Rubenstein (co-producer), Sean Ryerson, Barry Spikings
Other crew: Mary Gail Artz, Dave Bennett (II), Peter Benoit, Felicity Bowring, David Burr, Robbie Burr, Ron Cartwright, Barbara Cohen, Shaun Conway, John Davey (IV), Mike Dowson, Kevin Draycott, Mark Egerton, John Evans (III), Betsy Filwood, Eddie Fowlie, Ian Fuller, Nick Glennie-Smith, Gavin Greenaway, John Hayward (I), Benn Hyde, Garth Inns, John Ireland (III), Debra James, K.D. Justin, Errol Kelly, Darrin Keough, David Marder, Pauline Martin (I), Digby Milner, Ernie Misko, Robert Nugent, Maire O'Sullivan, William Ong, Phil Patterson, Asoka Perera, Ian Plummer, Emma Pounds, Graham Prescott, Pat Rambaut, Bill Rubenstein, Chandran Rutnam, Amy Elisabeth Sabel, John Seale, Brad Shield, Adam Milo Smalley, John Stanborough, Harry Stokes, Phil Stokes, Paul Thompson (IV), Fiachra Trench, Larry Waggoner, Derek Wallace, Mark J. Wasiutak, Sylvia Wheeler, Barry Whitrod, Gary Wilkins, Jenny Lee Wright, Hans Zimmer
1996: Our Burmese Days
1997: Burma Diary
Netherlands / Thailand 1997 Color
Produced by: Stichting Vista Far Reaching Visuals
Language English
Genre/keyword Documentary
Runtime Germany:55
Distributed by Stichting Vista Far Reaching Visuals
Directed by: Jeanne Hallacy
Written by: Jeanne Hallacy
Original music by: Audun Aagre, Mun Awng
Film Editing by: David Leland (V)
Battle Of Burma (Ep)
Mission Of Burma - Live At Bra...
Mystic Lands: Burma/Jerusalem
Quest: Bell Beneath The Sea Burma's...
Raise Bamboo Curtain (2 Tape Set) Burma Vietnam/Awake
War Chronicles - Vol.10 - Jungle War-N.Guin/Burma
Purple Plain
The King and I
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Zinmei longyi (ဇင်းမယ် လုံချည်) originated in Zinmei (Chiangmai, Thailand). Sharp edgy shapes are their unique designs in women wear.
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Photo Credit - www.gomyanmartours.com
The Myanmar dance moves from ancient times were known by carefully analyzing and rediscovering the murals on the temple ruins in Myanmar.
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One textile design the Myanmar have lived for two hundred years is the lun yakyaw acheik (over-hundred-shuttle acheik) design. It is suitable for men and women. Both the weft and the warp are pure silk threads and from over a hundred to two hundred shuttles are used according to the design to be worked on. The weaving takes days and the fabric is thus expensive. Only the well-to-do can afford it. But in the villages cotton is used and the design modified to produce cheaper versions.
In the days of Myanmar kings only the royalty and certain high officials were allowed to wear acheik fabrics. There are other beautiful textile designs in Myanmar. especially the designs used by our indigenous tribes on what is called gyapkhout hand-loom. Apart from woven fabrics there were dyeing and printing in the past. In mid-Konbhaung murals men wear chequered or striped sarongs while women wear acheik designs.Myanmar Silk Longyi
The royal costumes also include fabrics done in applique and dyed cloths. These usually carry very beautiful designs such as flower blossoms. peacocks. hintha. parakeets. other birds. kanout arabesques. The royalty also put on silk. satin. velvet and imported materials.
The Myanmar have separate dress designs for the men and the women. for the elderly and the young. not to mention those for the fair and the dark. the tall and the short. the fat and the skinny. and so on. Here are both silk and silk-mixed textile product designs.
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Photo Credit - www.myanmartravel.org
Myanmar traditional music are based from the sounds made from instruments grouped in the following five categories.
1) Kyee
Kyee or Bronze made instruments such as gongs.
2) Kyoo
Kyoo or String instruments such as Harp.
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Photo Credit - www.semesteratsea.org
In old days. Myanmar artists made Myanmar style figures with movable limbs i.e. arms. legs. head etc. and tried to move these moving parts by playing/controlling strings connected to these movable parts so as the actions look like as human being. At that time. the people who played the puppet show made puppets themselves.
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Kachin longyi (ကချင် လုံချည်) designs have distict colors, with black background almost always.Kachin Longyi Designs
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Photo Credit - www.myanmarhandicrafts.com
For thousands of years. all noblemen of Myanmar royal families are required to learn all 18 Essential Arts of Myanmar Noble Men.
It was known as "Ahtar Ratha 18 subjects" of arts. They are considered as compulsory.
These 18 subjects are:
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Rakhine longyi have distinct designs. originated in the Rakhine State.Rakhine Longyi
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Photo Credit - www.shwemyanmar.info
Mystic Ball is a documentary about the traditional Chinlone sport of Myanmar. The film is a thrilling sports movie. an insightful journey to a new world. and a lyrical personal story.
Mystic Ball follows Greg Hamilton. the filmmaker. deep into the ancient and little-known culture of Myanmar and its traditional sport. chinlone. Like the film. chinlone is hard to define. It's a team sport without an opposing team. part dance. part meditation.
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Yaw longyi designs are orinigated from Yaw District. central Myanmar. Their designs are basically small white color patterns on various dark backgrounds.Yaw Longyi Designs
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Photo Credit - www.artsinitiative.columbia.edu
The meanings
In Myanmar. zat means story and pwe means show. so finally zat-pwe means Myanmar musical play. It can be understood as the opera or ballet of the western countries.
The characters
The characters included in the Zat-pwe are mintha. male lead; minthami. female lead.
Included events
Ngo-gyin means wailing song. nha-par-thwar means duet dance and song. lun-khan means tragic scene.
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Photo credit- www.myanmarcelebrity.com
Anyeint is a dance form closely resembling popular theatre. The name of this form is drawn from a Myanmar word meaning “gentle,” which is a fitting description.Although its origins are somewhat unclear, Anyeint is popular in Myanmar today, and is frequently encountered as one of the entertainments provided in connection with the numerous festivals which are an important part in Myanmar life.
One of the basic concepts of Myanmar festivals is that the festivals themselves re offerings of good will and pleasure to the community. In this way a performance by an Anyeint troupe may figure in both religious and secular celebrations. At times, as for example in the case of a small family festival such as the cradling of a new baby to which the neighbourhood is invited, the Anyeint may be the only entertainment offered.
The Anyeint performance as it is known today consists of two distinct yet complimentary elements. These are the singing and dancing of the Anyeint herself and the dialogue and slapstick of the clowns, Lu bye’.
There are 2 Minthamee (the female performer) included in Anyeint. One is the "Shay Dwe Minthamee" meaning the first female performer to dance and the "Naut Dwe Minthamee" meaning the last one or main Minthamee. There are at least 4 clowns who perform together with the performers. They recite poems and talk after each dance the Minthamee has performed, to give her a break and to give the audience some laughter.
There is a loose alternation of the formal singing and dancing of the Anyeint with the comic interludes of the clowns. Some Anyeint troupes are large and elaborate, Such troupes may also present formal, dramatic scenes mixed with song and dances, and may at times, follow the pattern of the traditional Pwe theatricals by staging an interlude, hnapa tawa, in which the entire cast appears for a series of solo and group dances interspersed with continuous dialogue and commentary by the clowns.
The style of Anyeint dancing is closely related to other forms of Myanmar dance. The same basic postures are used. The body is slightly arched while the knees are partially bent. The wrists are held close to the waist with the elbows back. From this stylized position, which is an exaggerated imitation of Myanmar puppets, the Anyeint moves with small steps, sometimes deftly kicking her train to the side. As the music intensifies, the movements may include vigorous leaps and even acrobatic turns which always stop at the end of the musical phrase as signalled by the beat of the clapper. But even in the most vigorous and rapid movements, the Anyeint style retains the gentle, graceful quality characterized by the name.
In modern times Anyeint performances are most frequently encountered with the Anyeint in the company of a troupe of clowns and the performance accompanied by the full Hsaing ensemble. In older and more classical styles, two Anyeint dancers may appear on stage accompanied by the Myanmar harp or the xylophone, while another musician keeps time with the bell and clappers. In such performances the emphasis is placed on the more formal elements of the dance itself. This small group of dancers and accompanists is considerably less theatrical than most of the troupes seen in Myanmar today.
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Silk longyi usually have different design patterns. different from cotton sarongs.Myanmar Silk Longyi Designs
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Myanmar Harp (Saung)
A "harp" is called Saung in Myanmar. There basically was 2 types: Byat Saung and Saung Gauk (bent harp). There almost is nobody who can play byat saungs these days.
In 10th century AD. musicians used only 5 strings in Myanmar harp. which later increased to 7 strings in 18th century. During King Bodaw Phayar the art of playing harp was much promoted by the king and was improved to using up to 13 strings.Myanmar Musical Instruments